Verse 7 righteous See Ro 1: 1:19 (See Scofield "Romans 10:10") . Verse 10 Reconciliation See Ro 5: 10,11 2 Corinthians 5:18-20; Colossians 1:21. Verse 12 The "wherefore" relates back to Romans 3:19-23 and may be regarded as a continuation of the discussion of the universality of sin, interrupted ; Romans 3:24-5:11; by the passage on justification and its results. have sinned The first sin wrought the moral ruin of the race. The demonstration is simple. (1) Death is universal (Romans 4:12,14), all die: sinless infants, moral people, religious people, equally with the depraved. For a universal effect there must be a universal cause; that cause is a state of universal sin (Romans 5:12). (2) But this universal state must have had a cause. It did. The consequence of Adam's sin was that "the many were made sinners" (Romans 5:19)--"By the offence of one judgment came upon all men unto condemnation" (Romans 5:18). (3) Personal sins are not meant here. From Adam to Moses death reigned (Romans 5:14), although, there being no law, personal guilt was not imputed (Romans 5:13). Accordingly, from Genesis 4:7 to Exodus 29:14 the sin-offering is not once mentioned. Then, since physical death from Adam to Moses was not due to the sinful acts of those who die (Romans 5:13), it follows that it was due to a universal sinful state, or nature, and that state is declared to be out inheritance from Adam. (4) the moral state of fallen man is described in Scripture Genesis 6:5; 1 Kings 8:46; Psalms 14:1-3; 39:5; Jeremiah 17:9; Matthew 18:11; Mark 7:20,23; Romans 1:21; 2:1-29; 3:9-19 ; 7:24; 8:7; John 3:6; 1 Corinthians 2:14; 2 Corinthians 3:14; 4:4; Galatians 5:19-21; Ephesians 2:1-3,11,12; 4:18-22; Colossians 1:21; Hebrews 3:13; James 4:14; 1 Corinthians 15:22. Verse 14 Adam to Moses Broadly, the contrast is: Adam: sin, death; Christ: righteousness, life. Adam drew down into his ruin the old creation Romans 8:19-22 of which he was lord and head. Christ brings into moral unity with God, and into eternal life, the new creation of which he is Lord and Head. Ephesians 1:22,23. Even the animal and material creation, cursed for man's sake. Genesis 3:17 will be delivered by Christ. ; Isaiah 11:6-9; Romans 8:19-22. Verse 15 one many the one the many died. Verse 16 offences Sin. (See Scofield "Romans 3:23") . Verse 17 offence Sin. (See Scofield "Romans 3:23") . righteousness See Romans 5:17,18,21. (See Scofield "Romans 3:21") . Verse 18 offence Sin. (See Scofield "Romans 3:23") . Verse 19 sinners Sin. (See Scofield "Romans 3:23") . Verse 21 sin "Sin" in Rom 6., 7. is the nature in distinction from "sins," which are manifestations of that nature. Cf. 1 John 1:8 with 1 John 1:10 where this distinction also appears. grace Grace (in salvation). Ro 5: 2,15- 2111:5,6; 3:24 (See Scofield "John 1:17") .